diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API.Tests/Services/MinistryServiceTests.cs b/API/ROLAC.API.Tests/Services/MinistryServiceTests.cs
index bb5ef1e..34610eb 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API.Tests/Services/MinistryServiceTests.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API.Tests/Services/MinistryServiceTests.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 using Moq;
 using ROLAC.API.Data;
 using ROLAC.API.Data.Interceptors;
+using ROLAC.API.DTOs.Ministry;
 using ROLAC.API.Entities;
 using ROLAC.API.Services;
 using Xunit;
@@ -41,4 +42,19 @@ public class MinistryServiceTests
         Assert.Equal("A", active[0].Name_en);
         Assert.Equal(3, all.Count);
     }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Create_DefaultsFunctionalClassToProgram_AndUpdateChangesIt()
+    {
+        using var db = BuildDb();
+        var svc = new MinistryService(db);
+        var id  = await svc.CreateAsync(new CreateMinistryRequest { Name_en = "Worship" });
+
+        var afterCreate = (await svc.GetAllAsync(true)).Single(m => m.Id == id);
+        Assert.Equal("Program", afterCreate.DefaultFunctionalClass);
+
+        await svc.UpdateAsync(id, new UpdateMinistryRequest { Name_en = "Worship", DefaultFunctionalClass = "ManagementGeneral" });
+        var afterUpdate = (await svc.GetAllAsync(true)).Single(m => m.Id == id);
+        Assert.Equal("ManagementGeneral", afterUpdate.DefaultFunctionalClass);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/CreateMinistryRequest.cs b/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/CreateMinistryRequest.cs
index dabcde5..22cc296 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/CreateMinistryRequest.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/CreateMinistryRequest.cs
@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ public class CreateMinistryRequest
     [MaxLength(500)] public string? Description_en { get; set; }
     [MaxLength(500)] public string? Description_zh { get; set; }
     public int SortOrder { get; set; }
+    [MaxLength(20)] public string? DefaultFunctionalClass { get; set; }
 }
diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/MinistryDto.cs b/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/MinistryDto.cs
index 752ab2f..804b1cc 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/MinistryDto.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/MinistryDto.cs
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ public class MinistryDto
     public string? Description_zh { get; set; }
     public int     SortOrder { get; set; }
     public bool    IsActive  { get; set; }
+    public string  DefaultFunctionalClass { get; set; } = "Program";
 }
diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/UpdateMinistryRequest.cs b/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/UpdateMinistryRequest.cs
index 8861583..ada01f8 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/UpdateMinistryRequest.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API/DTOs/Ministry/UpdateMinistryRequest.cs
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ public class UpdateMinistryRequest
     [MaxLength(500)] public string? Description_zh { get; set; }
     public bool IsActive { get; set; } = true;
     public int  SortOrder { get; set; }
+    [MaxLength(20)] public string? DefaultFunctionalClass { get; set; }
 }
diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API/Data/AppDbContext.cs b/API/ROLAC.API/Data/AppDbContext.cs
index 458dcd9..ffec6ab 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API/Data/AppDbContext.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API/Data/AppDbContext.cs
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ public class AppDbContext : IdentityDbContext<AppUser, AppRole, string>
         {
             entity.Property(e => e.Name_en).HasMaxLength(200).IsRequired();
             entity.Property(e => e.Name_zh).HasMaxLength(200);
+            entity.Property(e => e.DefaultFunctionalClass).HasMaxLength(20).HasDefaultValue("Program");
         });
 
         // ── Form990ExpenseLine (Part IX natural-expense line catalog) ─────────
diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API/Entities/Ministry.cs b/API/ROLAC.API/Entities/Ministry.cs
index f63a9da..5917217 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API/Entities/Ministry.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API/Entities/Ministry.cs
@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ public class Ministry : IAuditable
     public string? Description_zh { get; set; }
     public int     SortOrder      { get; set; }
     public bool    IsActive       { get; set; } = true;
+    public string  DefaultFunctionalClass { get; set; } = "Program";
 }
diff --git a/API/ROLAC.API/Services/MinistryService.cs b/API/ROLAC.API/Services/MinistryService.cs
index 77c535c..7d79d7c 100644
--- a/API/ROLAC.API/Services/MinistryService.cs
+++ b/API/ROLAC.API/Services/MinistryService.cs
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ public class MinistryService : IMinistryService
                 Id = m.Id, Name_en = m.Name_en, Name_zh = m.Name_zh,
                 Description_en = m.Description_en, Description_zh = m.Description_zh,
                 SortOrder = m.SortOrder, IsActive = m.IsActive,
+                DefaultFunctionalClass = m.DefaultFunctionalClass,
             })
             .ToListAsync();
     }
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ public class MinistryService : IMinistryService
             Name_en = r.Name_en, Name_zh = r.Name_zh,
             Description_en = r.Description_en, Description_zh = r.Description_zh,
             SortOrder = r.SortOrder, IsActive = true,
+            DefaultFunctionalClass = ROLAC.API.Entities.FunctionalClasses.Normalize(r.DefaultFunctionalClass),
         };
         _db.Ministries.Add(entity);
         await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ public class MinistryService : IMinistryService
         m.Name_en = r.Name_en; m.Name_zh = r.Name_zh;
         m.Description_en = r.Description_en; m.Description_zh = r.Description_zh;
         m.IsActive = r.IsActive; m.SortOrder = r.SortOrder;
+        m.DefaultFunctionalClass = ROLAC.API.Entities.FunctionalClasses.Normalize(r.DefaultFunctionalClass);
         await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
     }